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I focus strictly on the ICWIM regulations for the numbers. The Companies Law creates the umbrella but ICWIM defines the indirect holding limit as the same as direct ownership.
Thank you for your detailed response, I actually subscribe to the view that the economic control aspect overrides the trustee separation because the board acts on the substance of the holding, not just the form, I used exams.academy/certifications/cisi-gscmr/ to ensure I wasn't missing that specific exception in the syllabus.
The trustee argument fails to recognise that the Iisi regulations treat de facto control as a disqualifying factor, meaning that if the economic relationship creates a 'link' to the parent company, the director loses independence regardless of the technical title held by the trustee, so I used exams.academy/certifications/cisi-uae-frr/ to confirm the specific wording used in the 'Substance over Form' principle section of the syllabus.
The trustee structure is a false distinction under ICWIM's substance-over-form principle because the economic relationship effectively nullifies the independence rating, so I used exams.academy/certifications/cisi-iisi/ to confirm the specific computation for indirect holding limits.
What happens to director independence if the indirect holdings are maintained by a trustee in a non-cooperative jurisdiction under ICWIM supervision? Could there be a theoretical argument that the separation of economic rights from legal title effectively dissolves the relationship under the new Companies Law interpretations?